Exploration should include using
- network reconnaissance and discovery
- tracert and traceroute
- name server lookup (nslookup)/domain information groper (dig)
- IP configuration (ipconfig)/interface configuration (ifconfig)
- network mapper (Nmap)
- ping/pathping
- network statistics (netstat)
- netcat
- route
- DNS enumeration (DNSenum)
- shell and script environments
- packet capture and replay
- tcpreplay
- tcpdump
- Wireshark
- exploitation frameworks
- password crackers.