1. Listen actively and speak using appropriate discussion rules with awareness of verbal and nonverbal cues.
2. Participate as a facilitator and a contributor in a group.
3. Participate in collaborative discussions with partners building on others’ ideas.
4. Ask questions to clarify the speaker’s purpose and perspective.
5. Summarize the main points a speaker makes.
6. Summarize and evaluate group activities.
7. Analyze the effectiveness of participant interactions.
8. Evaluate own contributions to discussions.
9. Demonstrate the ability to collaborate with diverse teams.
10. Work respectfully with others and show value for individual contributions.

1. Use effective verbal and nonverbal communication skills to deliver multimodal presentations.
2. Use language and vocabulary appropriate to audience, topic, and purpose.
3. Give collaborative and individual formal and informal interactive presentations.
4. Paraphrase and summarize key ideas of a presentation.

1. Compare and contrast techniques used in a variety of media messages.
2. Identify the characteristics and effectiveness of a variety of media messages.
3. Interpret information presented in diverse media formats and explain how it contributes to the topic.
4. Craft and publish audience-specific media messages.

1. Identify word origins and derivations.
2. Use roots, affixes, synonyms, and antonyms to expand vocabulary.
3. Use context and sentence structure to determine meanings and differentiate among multiple meanings of words.
4. Identify and analyze the construction and impact of figurative language.
5. Use word-reference materials.
6. Extend general and cross-curricular vocabulary through speaking, listening, reading, and writing.

1. Identify the elements of narrative structure, including setting, character, plot, conflict, and theme.
2. Describe cause and effect relationships and their impact on plot.
3. Explain how an author uses character development to drive conflict and resolution.
4. Differentiate between first and third person point-of-view.
5. Describe how word choice and imagery contribute to the meaning of a text.
6. Draw conclusions and make inferences using the text for support.
7. Identify the characteristics of a variety of genres.
8. Identify and analyze the author’s use of figurative language.
9. Compare/contrast details in literary and informational nonfiction texts.
10. Identify transitional words and phrases that signal an author’s organizational pattern.
11. Use reading strategies to monitor comprehension throughout the reading process.

1. Skim materials using text features such as type, headings, and graphics to predict and categorize information.
2. Identify main idea.
3. Summarize supporting details.
4. Create an objective summary including main idea and supporting details.
5. Draw conclusions and make inferences based on explicit and implied information.
6. Identify the author’s organizational pattern(s).
7. Identify transitional words and phrases that signal an author’s organizational pattern.
8. Differentiate between fact and opinion.
9. Identify cause and effect relationships.
10. Analyze ideas within and between selections providing textual evidence.
11. Use reading strategies to monitor comprehension throughout the reading process.

1. Engage in writing as a recursive process.
2. Choose audience and purpose.
3. Use a variety of prewriting strategies to generate and organize ideas.
4. Organize writing to fit mode or topic.
5. Write narratives to include characters, plot, setting, and point of view.
6. Establish a central idea incorporating evidence and maintaining an organized structure.
7. Compose a thesis statement for expository and persuasive writing.
8. Write multiparagraph compositions with elaboration and unity.
9. Use transition words and phrases.
10. Select vocabulary and information to enhance the central idea, tone, and voice.
11. Expand and embed ideas by using modifiers, standard coordination, and subordination in complete sentences.
12. Revise writing for clarity of content including specific vocabulary and information.

1. Use subject-verb agreement with intervening phrases and clauses.
2. Use pronoun-antecedent agreement to include indefinite pronouns.
3. Maintain consistent verb tense across paragraphs.
4. Eliminate double negatives.
5. Use quotation marks with dialogue.
6. Choose adverbs to describe verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.
7. Use correct spelling for frequently used words.
8. Use subordinating and coordinating conjunctions.

1. Formulate and revise questions about a research topic.
2. Collect and organize information from multiple sources.
3. Evaluate and analyze the validity and credibility of sources.
4. Cite primary and secondary sources.
5. Avoid plagiarism by using own words and follow ethical and legal guidelines for gathering and using information.
6. Demonstrate ethical use of the Internet.

1. Use a variety of strategies to listen actively and speak using agreed upon discussion rules with awareness of verbal and nonverbal cues.
2. Clearly communicate ideas and information orally in an organized and succinct manner.
3. Ask probing questions to seek elaboration and clarification of ideas.
4. Participate in collaborative discussions with partners building on others’ ideas.
5. Make statements to communicate agreement or tactful disagreement with others’ ideas.
6. Use language and style appropriate to audience, topic, and purpose.
7. Give formal and informal presentations in a group or individually, providing evidence to support a main idea.
8. Work effectively and respectfully within diverse groups.
9. Exhibit willingness to make necessary compromises to accomplish a goal.
10. Share responsibility for collaborative work.

1. Select, organize, and create content to complement and extend meaning for a selected topic.
2. Use effective verbal and nonverbal communication skills to deliver multimodal presentations.
3. Use language and vocabulary appropriate to audience, topic, and purpose.
4. Paraphrase and summarize a speaker’s key ideas.

1. Identify persuasive/informative techniques used in media.
2. Distinguish between fact and opinion, and between evidence and inference.
3. Describe how word choice, visual images, and sound convey a viewpoint.
4. Compare and contrast the effectiveness of techniques in auditory, visual, and written media messages.
5. Craft and publish audience-specific media messages.

1. Identify word origins and derivations.
2. Use roots, affixes, synonyms, and antonyms to expand vocabulary.
3. Identify and analyze the construction and impact of figurative language.
4. Identify connotations.
5. Use context and sentence structure to determine meanings and differentiate among multiple meanings of words.
6. Use word-reference materials to determine meanings and etymology.
7. Extend general and cross-curricular vocabulary through speaking, listening, reading, and writing.

1. Describe the elements of narrative structure including setting, character development, plot, theme, and conflict and how they influence each other.
2. Identify and explain the theme(s).
3. Identify cause and effect relationships and their impact on plot.
4. Differentiate between first and third person point-of-view.
5. Identify elements and characteristics of a variety of genres.
6. Compare and contrast various forms and genres of fictional text.
7. Describe the impact of word choice, imagery, and literary devices including figurative language in an author’s style.
8. Compare/contrast details in literary and informational nonfiction texts.
9. Make inferences and draw conclusions based on the text.
10. Use reading strategies to monitor comprehension throughout the reading process.

1. Skim materials using text features including type, headings, and graphics to predict and categorize information.
2. Identify an author’s organizational pattern using textual clues, such as transitional words and phrases.
3. Make inferences and draw logical conclusions using explicit and implied textual evidence.
4. Differentiate between fact and opinion.
5. Identify the source, viewpoint, and purpose of texts.
6. Describe how word choice and language structure convey an author’s viewpoint.
7. Identify the main idea.
8. Summarize text identifying supporting details.
9. Create an objective summary including main idea and supporting details.
10. Identify cause and effect relationships.
11. Organize and synthesize information for use in written and other formats.
12. Analyze ideas within and between selections providing textual evidence.
13. Use reading strategies to monitor comprehension throughout the reading process.

1. Engage in writing as a recursive process.
2. Choose intended audience and purpose.
3. Use a variety of prewriting strategies to generate and organize ideas.
4. Organize writing structure to fit form or topic.
5. Establish a central idea incorporating evidence, while maintaining an organized structure and a formal style.
6. Compose a thesis statement for persuasive writing that includes a position.
7. Clearly state a position and organize reasons and evidence, using credible sources.
8. Distinguish between fact and opinion to support a position.
9. Write multiparagraph compositions with elaboration and unity.
10. Use transition words and phrases within and between paragraphs.
11. Develop and modify the central idea, tone, and voice to fit the audience and purpose.
12. Expand and embed ideas by using modifiers, standard coordination, and subordination in complete sentences.
13. Use clauses and phrases for sentence variety.
14. Revise writing for clarity of content including specific vocabulary and information.

1. Choose appropriate adjectives and adverbs to enhance writing.
2. Use pronoun-antecedent agreement to include indefinite pronouns.
3. Use subject-verb agreement with intervening phrases and clauses.
4. Edit for verb tense consistency and point of view.
5. Use quotation marks with dialogue and direct quotations.
6. Use correct spelling for commonly used words.

1. Formulate and revise questions about a research topic.
2. Collect, organize, and synthesize information from multiple sources.
3. Analyze and evaluate the validity and credibility of resources.
4. Quote, summarize, and paraphrase information from primary and secondary sources using proper citations.
5. Avoid plagiarism by using own words and follow ethical and legal guidelines for gathering and using information.
6. Demonstrate ethical use of the Internet.

1. Assume responsibility for specific group tasks and share responsibility for collaborative work within diverse teams.
2. Exhibit willingness to make necessary compromises to accomplish a goal.
3. Collaborate with others to exchange ideas, develop new understandings, make decisions, and solve problems.
4. Include all group members, and value individual contributions made by each group member.
5. Make statements to communicate agreement or tactful disagreement with others’ ideas.
6. Use a variety of strategies to listen actively and speak using appropriate discussion rules with awareness of verbal and nonverbal cues.
7. Use self-reflection to evaluate one’s own role in preparation and participation in small-group activities.

1. Select, organize, and create multimodal content that encompasses opposing points of view.
2. Choose vocabulary and tone appropriate to the audience, topic, and purpose.
3. Use effective verbal and nonverbal communication skills to deliver multimodal presentations.
4. Cite information sources.
5. Respond to audience questions and comments.
6. Differentiate between Standard English and informal language.
7. Evaluate presentations.

1. Analyze the purpose of information and persuasive techniques used in diverse media formats.
2. Examine how values and viewpoints are included or excluded and how the media can influence beliefs, behaviors, and interpretations.
3. Use media and visual literacy skills to create products to express new understandings.
4. Evaluate sources for relationships between intent and factual content.
5. Utilize multimedia to clarify information and emphasize differing points of view.
6. Evaluate the motives (e.g., social, commercial, political) behind media presentation(s).
7. Demonstrate the ethical use of the Internet when evaluating or producing creative or informational media messages.

1. Identify and analyze the construction and impact of an author’s use of figurative language.
2. Use context, structure, and connotations to determine meaning and differentiate among multiple meanings of words and phrases.
3. Use roots, affixes, synonyms, and antonyms to determine the meaning(s) of unfamiliar words and technical vocabulary.
4. Identify the meaning of common idioms.
5. Use word-reference materials to determine meanings and etymology.
6. Discriminate between connotative and denotative meanings and interpret the connotation.
7. Extend general and cross-curricular vocabulary through speaking, listening, reading, and writing.

1. Analyze how authors’ development of characters, conflict, point of view, voice, and tone convey meaning.
2. Identify cause and effect relationships and their impact on plot.
3. Explain the development of the theme(s).
4. Explain the use of symbols and figurative language.
5. Make inferences and draw conclusions based on explicit and implied information using references to the text for support.
6. Identify and analyze characteristics within a variety of genres.
7. Compare/contrast details in literary and informational nonfiction texts.
8. Compare and contrast the authors’ use of word choice, dialogue, form, rhyme, rhythm, and voice in different texts.
9. Compare and contrast authors’ styles.
10. Use reading strategies to monitor comprehension throughout the reading process.

1. Identify an author’s organizational pattern using textual clues, such as transitional words and phrases.
2. Apply knowledge of text features and organizational patterns to analyze selections.
3. Skim materials to develop an overview or locate information.
4. Make inferences and draw conclusions based on explicit and implied information using evidence from text as support.
5. Analyze the author’s qualifications, viewpoint, word choice, and impact.
6. Analyze details for relevance and accuracy.
7. Differentiate between fact and opinion.
8. Identify the main idea.
9. Summarize the text identifying supporting details.
10. Identify cause and effect relationships.
11. Evaluate, organize, and synthesize information for use in written and other formats.
12. Analyze ideas within and between selections providing textual evidence.
13. Use reading strategies to monitor comprehension throughout the reading process.

1. Engage in writing as a recursive process.
2. Choose intended audience and purpose.
3. Use prewriting strategies to generate and organize ideas.
4. Organize writing structure to fit form or topic.
5. Establish a central idea incorporating evidence, maintaining an organized structure and formal style.
6. Compose a thesis statement for persuasive writing that advocates a position.
7. Clearly state and defend a position with reasons and evidence, from credible sources.
8. Identify a counterclaim and provide a counter - argument.
9. Distinguish between fact and opinion to support a position.
10. Organize information to provide elaboration and unity.
11. Develop and modify the central idea, tone, and voice to fit the audience and purpose.
12. Revise writing for clarity of content, word choice, sentence variety, and transitions among paragraphs.

1. Use and punctuate correctly varied sentence structures to include conjunctions and transition words.
2. Correctly use pronouns in prepositional phrases with compound objects.
3. Use a variety of sentence structures to infuse sentence variety in writing.
4. Maintain consistent verb tense across paragraphs.
5. Use comparative and superlative degrees in adverbs and adjectives.
6. Use quotation marks with dialogue and direct quotations.
7. Use correct spelling for frequently used words.

1. Formulate and revise questions about a research topic.
2. Collect and synthesize information from multiple sources.
3. Evaluate and analyze the validity and credibility of resources.
4. Analyze information gathered from diverse sources by identifying misconceptions, main and supporting ideas, conflicting information, point of view, or bias.
5. Cite primary and secondary sources using Modern Language Association (MLA) or American Psychological Association (APA) style.
6. Quote, summarize and paraphrase research findings.
7. Publish findings and respond to feedback.
8. Avoid plagiarism by using own words and follow ethical and legal guidelines for gathering and using information.
9. Demonstrate ethical use of the Internet.

1. Make strategic use of multimodal tools.
2. Credit information sources.
3. Use vocabulary appropriate to the topic, audience, and purpose.
4. Assist with setting rules for group work including informal consensus, taking votes on key issues, presentation of alternate views and goal setting.
5. Assume responsibility for specific group tasks.
6. Share responsibility for collaborative work.
7. Use a variety of strategies to listen actively and speak using appropriate discussion rules with awareness of verbal and nonverbal cues.
8. Include all group members, acknowledge new information expressed by others, and value individual contributions made by each group member.
9. Respond thoughtfully and tactfully to diverse perspectives, summarizing points of agreement and disagreement.
10. Evaluate impact, purpose, point of view, reasoning, and use of evidence and rhetoric of presentation(s).
11. Use self-reflection to evaluate one’s own role in preparation and participation in small-group activities.

1. Analyze and interpret special effects used in media messages.
2. Determine the purpose of the media message and its effect on the audience.
3. Analyze the purpose of information and persuasive techniques used in diverse media formats.
4. Evaluate the motives (e.g., social, commercial, political) behind media presentation(s).
5. Examine how values and viewpoints are included or excluded and how the media can influence beliefs, behaviors, and interpretations.
6. Describe possible cause and effect relationships between mass media coverage and public opinion trends.
7. Evaluate sources including advertisements, editorials, political cartoons, and feature stories for relationships between intent and factual content.
8. Monitor, analyze, and use multiple streams of simultaneous information.
9. Demonstrate ethical use of the Internet when evaluating or producing creative or informational media messages.

1. Use structural analysis of roots, affixes, synonyms, and antonyms to understand complex words.
2. Use context, structure, and connotations to determine meanings of words and phrases.
3. Discriminate between connotative and denotative meanings and interpret the connotation.
4. Identify the meaning of common idioms.
5. Explain the meaning of literary and classical allusions and figurative language in text.
6. Extend general and cross-curricular vocabulary through speaking, listening, reading, and writing.

1. Apply knowledge of text features and organizational patterns to understand, analyze, and gain meaning from texts.
2. Make inferences and draw conclusions based on explicit and implied information using evidence from text as support.
3. Analyze the author’s qualifications, viewpoint, and impact.
4. Recognize an author’s intended purpose for writing and identify the main idea.
5. Summarize, paraphrase, and synthesize ideas, while maintaining meaning and a logical sequence of events, within and between texts.
6. Identify characteristics of expository, technical, and persuasive texts.
7. Identify a position/argument to be confirmed, disproved, or modified.
8. Evaluate clarity and accuracy of information.
9. Analyze, organize, and synthesize information in order to solve problems, answer questions, complete a task, or create a product.
10. Differentiate between fact and opinion and evaluate their impact.
11. Analyze ideas within and between selections providing textual evidence.
12. Use the reading strategies to monitor comprehension throughout the reading process.

1. Engage in writing as a recursive process.
2. Plan, organize, and write for a variety of audiences and purposes.
3. Objectively introduce and develop topics, incorporating evidence and maintaining an organized structure and a formal style.
4. Blend multiple forms of writing including embedding a narrative to produce effective essays.
5. Communicate clearly the purpose of the writing using a thesis statement.
6. Compose a thesis for persuasive writing that advocates a position.
7. Clearly state and defend a position using reasons and evidence from credible sources as support.
8. Identify counterclaims and provide counter - arguments.
9. Determine the best kind of evidence to use for a claim, and effectively use fact and opinion to support a position.
10. Use textual evidence to compare and contrast multiple texts.
11. Arrange paragraphs in a logical progression, using transitions between paragraphs and ideas.
12. Revise writing for clarity of content, accuracy, and depth of information.

1. Use parallel structure across sentences and paragraphs.
2. Use appositives, main clauses, and subordinate clauses.
3. Use commas and semicolons to distinguish and divide main and subordinate clauses.
4. Distinguish between active and passive voice.
5. Use a variety of sentence structures to infuse sentence variety in writing.

1. Verify the validity and accuracy of all information.
2. Analyze information gathered from diverse sources by identifying misconceptions, main and supporting ideas, conflicting information, point of view, or bias.
3. Evaluate and select evidence from a variety of sources to support claims and introduce counterclaims.
4. Cite sources for both quoted and paraphrased information using a standard method of documentation such as that of the Modern Language Association (MLA) or the American Psychological Association (APA).
5. Avoid plagiarism by using own words and follow ethical and legal guidelines for gathering and using information.
6. Demonstrate ethical use of the Internet.

1. Make strategic use of multimodal tools.
2. Credit information sources.
3. Demonstrate the ability to work effectively with diverse teams including setting rules and goals for group work such as coming to informal consensus, taking votes on key issues, and presenting alternate views.
4. Assume responsibility for specific group tasks.
5. Include all group members and value individual contributions made by each group member.
6. Use a variety of strategies to listen actively and speak using appropriate discussion rules with awareness of verbal and nonverbal cues.
7. Respond thoughtfully and tactfully to diverse perspectives, summarizing points of agreement and disagreement.
8. Choose vocabulary, language, and tone appropriate to the topic, audience, and purpose.
9. Access, critically evaluate, and use information accurately to solve problems.
10. Use reflection to evaluate one’s own role and the group process in small-group activities.
11. Evaluate a speaker’s point of view, reasoning, use of evidence, rhetoric, and identify any faulty reasoning.

1. Create media messages for diverse audiences.
2. Credit information sources.
3. Evaluate sources for relationships between intent, factual content, and opinion.
4. Analyze the impact of selected media formats on meaning.
5. Analyze the purpose of information and persuasive techniques used in diverse media formats.
6. Evaluate the motives (e.g., social, commercial, political) behind media presentation(s).
7. Describe possible cause and effect relationships between mass media coverage and public opinion trends.
8. Monitor, analyze, and use multiple streams of simultaneous information.
9. Demonstrate ethical use of the Internet when evaluating or producing creative or informational media messages.

1. Use structural analysis of roots, affixes, synonyms, and antonyms, to understand complex words.
2. Use context, structure, and connotations to determine meanings of words and phrases.
3. Discriminate between connotative and denotative meanings and interpret the connotation.
4. Explain the meaning of common idioms.
5. Explain the meaning of literary and classical allusions and figurative language in text.
6. Extend general and cross-curricular vocabulary through speaking, listening, reading, and writing.

1. Analyze text features and organizational patterns to evaluate the meaning of texts.
2. Recognize an author’s intended audience and purpose for writing.
3. Skim materials to develop an overview and locate information.
4. Compare and contrast informational texts for intent and content.
5. Interpret and use data and information in maps, charts, graphs, timelines, tables, and diagrams.
6. Draw conclusions and make inferences on explicit and implied information using textual support as evidence.
7. Analyze and synthesize information in order to solve problems, answer questions, and generate new knowledge.
8. Analyze ideas within and between selections providing textual evidence.
9. Summarize, paraphrase, and synthesize ideas, while maintaining meaning and a logical sequence of events, within and between texts.
10. Use reading strategies throughout the reading process to monitor comprehension.

1. Engage in writing as a recursive process.
2. Plan and organize writing to address a specific audience and purpose.
3. Adjust writing content, technique, and voice for a variety of audiences and purposes.
4. Communicate clearly the purpose of the writing using a thesis statement.
5. Objectively introduce and develop topics, incorporating evidence and maintaining an organized structure and a formal style.
6. Compose a thesis statement for persuasive writing that advocates a position.
7. Clearly state and defend a position using reasons and sufficient evidence from credible sources as support.
8. Identify counterclaims and provide counter - arguments.
9. Show relationships among claims, reasons, and evidence and include a conclusion that follows logically from the information presented.
10. Blend multiple forms of writing including embedding a narrative to produce effective essays.
11. Elaborate ideas clearly through word choice.
12. Use textual evidence to compare and contrast multiple texts.
13. Revise writing for clarity of content, accuracy, and depth of information.
14. Write and revise to a standard acceptable both in the workplace and in postsecondary education.

1. Use parallel structure across sentences and paragraphs.
2. Use complex sentence structure to infuse sentence variety in writing.
3. Distinguish between active and passive voice.
4. Use colons correctly.
5. Analyze the writing of others and suggest how writing might be improved.

1. Verify the accuracy, validity, and usefulness of information.
2. Analyze information gathered from diverse sources by identifying misconceptions, main and supporting ideas, conflicting information, and point of view or bias.
3. Evaluate and select evidence from a variety of sources to introduce counter claims and to support claims.
4. Cite sources for both quoted and paraphrased ideas using a standard method of documentation, such as that of the Modern Language Association (MLA) or the American Psychological Association (APA).
5. Define the meaning and consequences of plagiarism and follow ethical and legal guidelines for gathering and using information.
6. Demonstrate ethical use of the Internet.

1. Select and effectively use multimodal tools to design and develop presentation content.
2. Credit information sources.
3. Demonstrate the ability to work collaboratively with diverse teams.
4. Respond thoughtfully and tactfully to diverse perspectives, summarizing points of agreement and disagreement.
5. Use a variety of strategies to listen actively and speak using appropriate discussion rules with awareness of verbal and nonverbal cues.
6. Anticipate and address alternative or opposing perspectives and counterclaims.
7. Evaluate the various techniques used to construct arguments in multimodal presentations.
8. Use vocabulary appropriate to the topic, audience, and purpose.
9. Evaluate effectiveness of multimodal presentations.

1. Describe possible cause and effect relationships between mass media coverage and public opinion trends.
2. Create media messages with a specific point of view.
3. Evaluate media sources for relationships between intent and content.
4. Analyze the impact of selected media formats on meaning.
5. Determine the author’s purpose and intended effect on the audience for media messages.
6. Manage, analyze, and synthesize multiple streams of simultaneous information.
7. Demonstrate ethical use of the Internet when evaluating or producing creative or informational media messages.

1. Use structural analysis of roots, affixes, synonyms, and antonyms to understand complex words.
2. Use context, structure, and connotations to determine meanings of words and phrases.
3. Discriminate between connotative and denotative meanings and interpret the connotation.
4. Explain the meaning of common idioms.
5. Explain the meaning of literary and classical allusions and figurative language in text.
6. Extend general and cross-curricular vocabulary through speaking, listening, reading, and writing.

1. Apply information from texts to clarify understanding of concepts.
2. Read and correctly interpret an application for employment, workplace documents, or an application for college admission.
3. Analyze technical writing for clarity.
4. Paraphrase and synthesize ideas within and between texts.
5. Draw conclusions and make inferences on explicit and implied information using textual support.
6. Analyze multiple texts addressing the same topic to determine how authors reach similar or different conclusions.
7. Analyze false premises, claims, counterclaims, and other evidence in persuasive writing.
8. Recognize and analyze use of ambiguity, contradiction, paradox, irony, sarcasm, overstatement, and understatement in text.
9. Generate and respond logically to literal, inferential, evaluative, synthesizing, and critical thinking questions about the text(s).

1. Apply components of a recursive writing process for multiple purposes to create a focused, organized, and coherent piece of writing to address a specific audience and purpose.
2. Produce arguments in writing developing a thesis that demonstrates knowledgeable judgments, addresses counterclaims, and provides effective conclusions.
3. Organize claims, counterclaims, and evidence in a sustained and logical sequence.
4. Adapt evidence, vocabulary, voice, and tone to audience, purpose, and situation.
5. Use words, phrases, clauses, and varied syntax to create a cohesive argument.
6. Blend multiple forms of writing including embedding narratives to produce effective essays.
7. Revise writing for clarity of content, accuracy and depth of information.
8. Write and revise to a standard acceptable both in the workplace and in postsecondary education.

1. Use complex sentence structure to infuse sentence variety in writing.
2. Use verbals and verbal phrases correctly to achieve sentence conciseness and variety.
3. Distinguish between active and passive voice.

1. Critically evaluate quality, accuracy, and validity of information.
2. Make sense of information gathered from diverse sources by identifying misconceptions, main and supporting ideas, conflicting information, point of view or bias.
3. Synthesize relevant information from primary and secondary sources and present it in a logical sequence.
4. Cite sources for both quoted and paraphrased ideas using a standard method of documentation, such as that of the Modern Language Association (MLA) or the American Psychological Association (APA).
5. Define the meaning and consequences of plagiarism and follow ethical and legal guidelines for gathering and using information.
6. Demonstrate ethical use of the Internet.

1. Select and effectively use multimodal tools to design and develop presentation content.
2. Credit information sources.
3. Demonstrate the ability to work collaboratively with diverse teams.
4. Anticipate and address alternative or opposing perspectives and counterclaims.
5. Evaluate the various techniques used to construct arguments in multimodal presentations.
6. Use a variety of strategies to listen actively and speak using appropriate discussion rules with awareness of verbal and nonverbal cues.
7. Critique effectiveness of multimodal presentations.

1. Describe possible cause and effect relationships between mass media coverage and public opinion trends.
2. Evaluate media sources for relationships between intent and factual content.
3. Evaluate the motives (e.g., social, commercial, political) behind media presentation(s).
4. Examine how values and viewpoints are included or excluded and how the media can influence beliefs, behaviors, and interpretations.
5. Evaluate sources including advertisements, editorials, political cartoons, and feature stories for relationships between intent and factual content.
6. Manage, analyze, and synthesize multiple streams of simultaneous information.
7. Demonstrate ethical use of the Internet when evaluating or producing creative or informational media messages.

1. Use critical thinking to generate and respond logically to literal, inferential, and evaluative questions about the text(s).
2. Identify and synthesize resources to make decisions, complete tasks, and solve specific problems.
3. Analyze multiple texts addressing the same topic to determine how authors reach similar or different conclusions.
4. Recognize and analyze use of ambiguity, contradiction, paradox, irony, overstatement, and understatement in text.
5. Analyze false premises claims, counterclaims, and other evidence in persuasive writing.

1. Apply components of a recursive writing process for multiple purposes to create a focused, organized, and coherent piece of writing to address a specific audience and purpose.
2. Produce arguments in writing that develop a thesis to demonstrate knowledgeable judgments, address counterclaims, and provide effective conclusions.
3. Use a variety of rhetorical strategies to clarify and defend a position organizing claims, counterclaims, and evidence in a sustained and logical sequence.
4. Blend multiple forms of writing including embedding a narrative to produce effective essays.
5. Adapt evidence, vocabulary, voice, and tone to audience, purpose, and situation.
6. Use words, phrases, clauses, and varied syntax to connect all parts of the argument creating cohesion from the information presented.
7. Revise writing for clarity of content, depth of information, and technique of presentation.
8. Write and revise to a standard acceptable both in the workplace and in postsecondary education.
9. Write to clearly describe personal qualifications for potential occupational or educational opportunities.

1. Use complex sentence structure to infuse sentence variety in writing.
2. Edit, proofread, and prepare writing for intended audience and purpose.
3. Use a style manual, such as that of the Modern Language Association (MLA) or the American Psychological Association (APA), to apply rules for punctuation and formatting of direct quotations.

1. Frame, analyze, and synthesize information to solve problems, answer questions, and generate new knowledge.
2. Analyze information gathered from diverse sources by identifying misconceptions, main and supporting ideas, conflicting information, point of view, or bias.
3. Critically evaluate the accuracy, quality, and validity of the information.
4. Cite sources for both quoted and paraphrased ideas using a standard method of documentation, such as that of the Modern Language Association (MLA) or the American Psychological Association (APA).
5. Define the meaning and consequences of plagiarism and follow ethical and legal guidelines for gathering and using information.
6. Demonstrate ethical use of the Internet.

The student will demonstrate skills for historical thinking, geographical analysis, economic decision making, and responsible citizenship by

1. analyzing and interpreting evidence from primary and secondary sources, including charts, graphs, and political cartoons;
2. analyzing how political and economic trends influence public policy, using demographic information and other data sources;
3. analyzing information to create diagrams, tables, charts, graphs, and spreadsheets;
4. determining the accuracy and validity of information by separating fact and opinion and recognizing bias;
5. constructing informed, evidence-based arguments from multiple sources;
6. determining multiple cause-and-effect relationships that impact political and economic events;
7. taking informed action to address school, community, local, state, national, and global issues;
   
8. using a decision-making model to analyze and explain the costs and benefits of a specific choice;
9. applying civic virtue and democratic principles to make collaborative decisions; and
10. defending conclusions orally and in writing to a wide range of audiences, using evidence from sources.

The student will apply social science skills to understand citizenship and the rights, duties, and responsibilities of citizens by

1. describing the processes by which an individual becomes a citizen of the United States;
2. describing the First Amendment freedoms of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition, and the rights guaranteed by due process and equal protection of the laws;
3. describing the duties of citizenship, including obeying the laws, paying taxes, defending the nation, and serving in court;
4. examining the responsibilities of citizenship, including registering and voting, communicating with government officials, participating in political campaigns, keeping informed about current issues, and respecting differing opinions in a diverse society; and
5. evaluating how civic and social duties address community needs and serve the public good.

The student will demonstrate personal character traits that facilitate thoughtful and effective participation in civic life by

1. practicing trustworthiness and honesty;
2. practicing courtesy and respect for the rights of others;
3. practicing responsibility, accountability, and self-reliance;
4. practicing respect for the law;
5. practicing patriotism;
6. practicing thoughtful decision making; and
7. practicing service to the school and/or local community.

The student will apply social science skills to understand of how economic decisions are made in the marketplace by

1. explaining that because of scarcity, consumers, producers, and governments must make choices, understanding that everyone’s choice has an opportunity cost; and
2. comparing and contrasting how traditional, free market, command, and mixed economies decide how to allocate their limited resources.

The student will apply social science skills to understand the United States economy by

1. describing the characteristics of the United States economy, including limited government, private property, profit, markets, consumer sovereignty, and competition;
2. describing how in a market economy supply and demand determine prices;
   
3. describing the types of business organizations and the role of entrepreneurship;
4. explaining the circular flow that shows how consumers (households), businesses (producers), and markets interact;
   
5. explaining how financial institutions channel funds from savers to borrowers; and
   
6. analyzing the relationship of Virginia and the United States to the global economy, with emphasis on the impact of technological innovations.

The student will apply social science skills to understand personal finance and career opportunities by

1. identifying talents, interests, and aspirations that influence career choice;
2. identifying human capital such as attitudes and behaviors that strengthen the individual work ethic and promote career success;
3. identifying human capital such as abilities, skills, and education and the changing supply of and demand for them in the economy;
4. examining the impact of technological change and globalization on career opportunities;
5. describing the importance of education to lifelong personal finances; and
6. analyzing the financial responsibilities of citizenship, including evaluating common forms of credit, savings, investments, purchases, contractual agreements, warranties, and guarantees.

The student will demonstrate skills for historical thinking, geographical analysis, economic decision making, and responsible citizenship by

1. planning inquiries by synthesizing information from diverse primary and secondary sources;
   
2. analyzing how political and economic trends influence public policy, using demographic information and other data sources;
   
3. comparing and contrasting historical, cultural, economic, and political perspectives;
   
4. evaluating critically the quality, accuracy, and validity of information to determine misconceptions, fact and opinion, and bias;
   
5. constructing informed, analytic arguments using evidence from multiple sources to introduce and support substantive and significant claims;
   
6. explaining how cause-and-effect relationships impact political and economic events;
   
7. taking knowledgeable, constructive action, individually and collaboratively, to address school, community, local, state, national, and global issues;
   
8. using a decision-making model to analyze the costs and benefits of a specific choice, considering incentives and possible consequences;
   
9. applying civic virtues and democratic principles to make collaborative decisions; and
   
10. communicating conclusions orally and in writing to a wide range of audiences, using evidence from multiple sources and citing specific sources.

The student will apply social science skills to understand the role of government in the Virginia and United States economies by

1. describing the provision of government goods and services that are not readily produced by the market;
   
2. describing government’s establishment and maintenance of the rules and institutions in which markets operate, including the establishment and enforcement of property rights, contracts, consumer rights, labor-management relations, environmental protection, and competition in the marketplace;
   
3. investigating and describing the types and purposes of taxation that are used by local, state, and federal governments to pay for services provided by the government;
   
4. analyzing how Congress can use fiscal policy to stabilize the economy;
   
5. describing the effects of the Federal Reserve’s monetary policy on price stability, employment, and the economy; and
   
6. evaluating the trade-offs in government decisions.

The student will apply social science skills to understand that in a democratic republic, thoughtful and effective participation in civic life is characterized by

1. exercising personal character traits such as trustworthiness, responsibility, and honesty;
   
2. obeying the law and paying taxes;
   
3. serving as a juror;
   
4. participating in the political process and voting in local, state, and national elections;
   
5. performing public service;
   
6. keeping informed about current issues;
   
7. respecting differing opinions and the rights of others;
8. practicing personal and fiscal responsibility;
   
9. demonstrating the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that foster the responsible and respectful use of digital media; and
   
10. practicing patriotism.

The student will demonstrate skills for historical thinking, geographical analysis, economic decision making, and responsible citizenship, by

1. analyzing and interpreting artifacts and primary and secondary sources to understand events in United States history;
2. analyzing and interpreting geographic information to determine patterns and trends in United States history;
3. interpreting charts, graphs, and pictures to determine characteristics of people, places, or events in United States history;
4. using evidence to draw conclusions and make generalizations;
5. comparing and contrasting historical, cultural, and political perspectives in United States history;
6. determining relationships with multiple causes or effects in United States history;
7. explaining connections across time and place;
8. using a decision-making model to identify the costs and benefits of a specific choice made;
9. identifying the rights and responsibilities of citizenship and the ethical use of material or intellectual property; and
10. investigating and researching to develop products orally and in writing.

The student will demonstrate skills for historical thinking, geographical analysis, economic decision making, and responsible citizenship by

1. analyzing and interpreting artifacts and primary and secondary sources to understand events in United States history;
2. analyzing and interpreting geographic information to determine patterns and trends in United States history;
3. interpreting charts, graphs, and pictures to determine characteristics of people, places, or events in United States history;
4. using evidence to draw conclusions and make generalizations;
5. comparing and contrasting historical, cultural, and political perspectives in United States history;
6. determining relationships with multiple causes or effects in United States history;
7. explaining connections across time and place;
8. using a decision-making model to identify costs and benefits of a specific choice made;
9. identifying the rights and responsibilities of citizenship and the ethical use of material or intellectual property; and
10. investigating and researching to develop products orally and in writing.

The student will apply social science skills to understand the key domestic and international issues during the second half of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries by

1. examining the impact of the Civil Rights Movement, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), and the changing role of women on all Americans;
2. describing the development of new technologies in communication, entertainment, and business and their impact on American life;
3. analyzing how representative citizens have influenced America scientifically, culturally, academically, and economically; and
4. evaluating and explaining American foreign policy, immigration, the global environment, and other emerging issues.

The student will demonstrate skills for historical thinking, geographical analysis, economic decision making, and responsible citizenship by

1. synthesizing evidence from artifacts and primary and secondary sources to obtain information about events in Virginia and United States history;
   
2. using geographic information to determine patterns and trends in Virginia and United States history;
   
3. interpreting charts, graphs, and pictures to determine characteristics of people, places, or events in Virginia and United States history;
   
4. constructing arguments, using evidence from multiple sources;
   
5. comparing and contrasting historical, cultural, economic, and political perspectives in Virginia and United States history;
   
6. explaining how indirect cause-and-effect relationships impact people, places, and events in Virginia and United States history;
   
7. analyzing multiple connections across time and place;
   
8. using a decision-making model to analyze and explain the incentives for and consequences of a specific choice made;
   
9. identifying the rights and responsibilities of citizenship and ethical use of material and intellectual property; and
   
10. investigating and researching to develop products orally and in writing.

The student will apply social science skills to understand the impact of the Age of Exploration by

1. describing the characteristics of early exploration and evaluating the impact of European settlement in the Americas; and
   
2. analyzing the cultural interactions among American Indians, Europeans, and Africans.

The student will apply social science skills to understand how the nation grew and changed from the end of Reconstruction through the early twentieth century by

1. explaining the westward movement of the population in the United States, with emphasis on the role of the railroads, communication systems, admission of new states to the Union, and the impact on American Indians;
2. analyzing the factors that transformed the American economy from agrarian to industrial and explaining how major inventions transformed life in the United States, including the emergence of leisure activities;
   
3. examining the contributions of new immigrants and evaluating the challenges they faced, including anti-immigration legislation;
   
4. analyzing the impact of prejudice and discrimination, including “Jim Crow” laws, the responses of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois, and the practice of eugenics in Virginia;
   
5. evaluating and explaining the social and cultural impact of industrialization, including rapid urbanization; and
   
6. evaluating and explaining the economic outcomes and the political, cultural, and social developments of the Progressive Movement and the impact of its legislation.

The student will apply social science skills to understand key events during the 1920s and 1930s by

1. analyzing how popular culture evolved and challenged traditional values;
   
2. assessing and explaining the economic causes and consequences of the stock market crash of 1929;
   
3. explaining the causes of the Great Depression and its impact on the American people; and
   
4. evaluating and explaining how Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal measures addressed the Great Depression and expanded the government’s role in the economy.

The student will apply social science skills to understand the social, political, and cultural movements and changes in the United States during the second half of the twentieth century by

1. explaining the factors that led to United States expansion;
   
2. evaluating and explaining the impact of the Brown v. Board of Education decision, the roles of Thurgood Marshall and Oliver W. Hill, Sr., and how Virginia responded to the decision;
   
3. explaining how the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the 1963 March on Washington, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) had an impact on all Americans;
   
4. analyzing changes in immigration policy and the impact of increased immigration;
   
5. evaluating and explaining the foreign and domestic policies pursued by the American government after the Cold War;
   
6. explaining how scientific and technological advances altered American lives; and
   
7. evaluating and explaining the changes that occurred in American culture.

The student will apply social science skills to understand political and social conditions in the United States during the early twenty-first century by

1. assessing the development of and changes in domestic policies, with emphasis on the impact of the role the United States Supreme Court played in defining a constitutional right to privacy, affirming equal rights, and upholding the rule of law;
   
2. evaluating and explaining the changes in foreign policies and the role of the United States in a world confronted by international terrorism, with emphasis on the American response to 9/11 (September 11, 2001);
   
3. evaluating the evolving and changing role of government, including its role in the American economy; and
   
4. explaining scientific and technological changes and evaluating their impact on American culture

The student will demonstrate skills for historical thinking, geographical analysis, economic decision making, and responsible citizenship by

1. synthesizing evidence from artifacts and primary and secondary sources to obtain information about the world’s countries, cities, and environments;
2. using geographic information to determine patterns and trends to understand world regions;
3. creating, comparing, and interpreting maps, charts, graphs, and pictures to determine characteristics of world regions;
4. evaluating sources for accuracy, credibility, bias, and propaganda;
5. using maps and other visual images to compare and contrast historical, cultural, economic, and political perspectives;
6. explaining indirect cause-and-effect relationships to understand geospatial connections;
7. analyzing multiple connections across time and place;
8. using a decision-making model to analyze and explain the incentives for and consequences of a specific choice made;
9. identifying the rights and responsibilities of citizenship and the ethical use of material or intellectual property; and
10. investigating and researching to develop products orally and in writing.

The student will analyze how physical and ecological processes shape Earth’s surface by

1. explaining regional climatic patterns and weather phenomena and their effects on people and places;
2. describing how humans influence the environment and are influenced by it; and
3. explaining how technology affects one's ability to modify the environment and adapt to it.

The student will apply social science skills to evaluate the significance of natural, human, and capital resources by

1. comparing the distribution of major natural resources throughout world regions;
2. showing the influence of resources on patterns of economic activity and land use; and
3. evaluating perspectives regarding the use of resources.

The student will analyze the characteristics of the regions of the United States and Canada by

1. identifying and analyzing the location of major geographic regions and major cities on maps and globes;
2.  describing major physical and environmental features;
   
3. explaining important economic characteristics; and
   
4.  recognizing cultural influences and landscapes.

The student will analyze the characteristics of the Sub-Saharan African region by

1. identifying and analyzing the location of major geographic regions and major cities on maps and globes;
   
2. describing major physical and environmental features;
   
3. explaining important economic characteristics; and
   
4. recognizing cultural influences and landscapes.

The student will apply social science skills to compare and contrast the distribution, growth rates, and characteristics of human population by

1. examining demographic data to determine the relative level of development;
   
2. distinguishing between developed and developing countries; and
   
3. comparing and contrasting the level of economic development to the standard of living and quality of life.

The student will apply social science skills to analyze the impact of globalization by

1. identifying factors, including comparative advantage, that influence the distribution of economic activities and trade;
   
2. describing ways that economic and social interactions change over time; and
   
3. mapping, describing, and evaluating economic unions.

The student will demonstrate skills for historical thinking, geographical analysis, economic decision making, and responsible citizenship by

1. synthesizing evidence from artifacts and primary and secondary sources to obtain information about events in world history;
   
2. using geographic information to determine patterns and trends to understand world history;
   
3. interpreting charts, graphs, and pictures to determine characteristics of people, places, or events in world history;
   
4. evaluating sources for accuracy, credibility, bias, and propaganda;
   
5. comparing and contrasting historical, cultural, economic, and political perspectives in world history;
6. explaining how indirect cause-and-effect relationships impacted people, places, and events in world history;
   
7. analyzing multiple connections across time and place;
   
8. using a decision-making model to analyze and explain the incentives for and consequences of a specific choice made;
   
9. identifying the rights and responsibilities of citizens and ethical use of materials and intellectual property; and
   
10. investigating and researching to develop products orally and in writing.

The student will apply social science skills to understand the social, economic, and political changes and cultural achievements in the high and late medieval periods by

1. describing the emergence of centralized monarchies (England, France, Spain, and Russia) and distinctive political developments in each;
2. explaining conflicts across Europe and Asia, including the Crusades and the fall of Constantinople;
   
3. explaining patterns of crisis and recovery related to the Black Death (bubonic plague); and
   
4. evaluating and explaining the preservation and transfer to Western Europe of Greek, Roman, and Arabic philosophy, medicine, and science.

The student will demonstrate skills for historical thinking, geographical analysis, economic decision making, and responsible citizenship by

1. synthesizing evidence from artifacts and primary and secondary sources to obtain information about events and life in world history;
   
2. using geographic information to determine patterns and trends in world history;
   
3. interpreting charts, graphs, and pictures to determine characteristics of people, places, or events in world history;
   
4. evaluating sources for accuracy, credibility, bias, and propaganda;
   
5. comparing and contrasting historical, cultural, economic, and political perspectives in world history;
6. explaining how indirect cause-and-effect relationships impacted people, places, and events in world history;
   
7. analyzing multiple connections across time and place;
   
8. using a decision-making model to analyze and explain the incentives for and consequences of a specific choice made;
   
9. identifying the rights and responsibilities of citizens and ethical use of materials and intellectual property; and
   
10. investigating and researching to develop products orally and in writing.

The student will apply social science skills to understand the impact of the European Age of Exploration by

1. explaining the political and economic goals of European exploration and colonization;
   
2. describing the geographic expansion into Africa, Asia, and the Americas;
   
3. comparing and contrasting the social and cultural influences of European settlement on Africa, Asia, and the Americas;
   
4. analyzing how competition for colonies changed the economic system of Europe; and
   
5. defining and describing how the Scientific Revolution led to social and technological changes that influenced the European view of the world.

The student will apply social science skills to understand global interactions between 1800 to about 1900 by

1. locating the United States of America, describing its expansion between 1776 and 1900, and assessing its changing role in the world;
   
2. locating Latin America, explaining the causes and effects of the revolutions, with emphasis on the contributions of Toussaint L’Ouverture and Simón Bolívar, and identifying the impact of the American and French Revolutions on Latin America;
   
3. describing the political and social challenges faced by Latin American nations, with emphasis on the Monroe Doctrine;
   
4. assessing the impact of European colonization and imperialism on Asia, Africa, the Pacific Islands, and Australia; and
   
5. analyzing the relationship between industrialization, imperialism, and nationalism.

The student will apply social science skills to understand of the political, economic, social, and cultural aspects of independence movements and development efforts by

1. describing the struggles for self-rule, including Gandhi’s leadership in India and the development of India’s democracy;
   
2. describing Africa’s independence movements, including Jomo Kenyatta’s leadership of Kenya and Nelson Mandela’s role in South Africa; and
   
3. describing the end of the mandate system and the creation of states in the Middle East, including the roles of Golda Meir and Gamal Abdel Nasser.

The student will apply social science skills to understand the global changes during the early twenty-first century by

1. identifying contemporary political issues, with emphasis on migrations of refugees and others, ethnic/religious conflicts, and the impact of technology, including the role of social media and chemical and biological technologies;
   
2. assessing the link between economic and political freedom;
   
3. describing economic interdependence, including the rise of multinational corporations, international organizations, and trade agreements; and
   
4. analyzing the increasing impact of terrorism.

1. represent and determine equivalencies among fractions, mixed numbers, decimals, and percents; and
2. compare and order positive rational numbers.

1. identify and represent integers;
2. compare and order integers; and
3. identify and describe absolute value of integers.

1. multiply and divide fractions and mixed numbers;
   
2. solve single-step and multistep practical problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of fractions and mixed numbers; and
3. solve multistep practical problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of decimals.

1. add, subtract, multiply, and divide integers;
2. solve practical problems involving operations with integers; and
3. simplify numerical expressions involving integers.

1. derive π (pi);
2. solve problems, including practical problems, involving circumference and area of a circle; and
3. solve problems, including practical problems, involving area and perimeter of triangles and rectangles.

1. represent data in a circle graph;
2. make observations and inferences about data represented in a circle graph; and
3. compare circle graphs with the same data represented in bar graphs, pictographs, and line plots.

1. represent the mean of a data set graphically as the balance point; and
2. determine the impact on measures of center when a single value of a data set is added, removed, or changed.

1. represent a proportional relationship between two quantities, including those arising from practical situations;
2. determine the unit rate of a proportional relationship and use it to find a missing value in a ratio table;
3. determine if a proportional relationship exists between two quantities; and
4. make connections between and among representations of a proportional relationship between two quantities using verbal descriptions, ratio tables, and graphs.

1. represent a practical situation with a linear inequality in one variable; and
2. solve one-step linear inequalities in one variable, involving addition or subtraction, and graph the solution on a number line.

1. investigate and describe the concept of negative exponents for powers of ten;
2. compare and order numbers greater than zero written in scientific notation;
3. compare and order rational numbers;
4. determine square roots of perfect squares; and
5. identify and describe absolute value of rational numbers.

1. describe and determine the volume and surface area of rectangular prisms and cylinders; and
2. solve problems, including practical problems, involving the volume and surface area of rectangular prisms and cylinders.

1. compare and contrast quadrilaterals based on their properties; and
2. determine unknown side lengths or angle measures of quadrilaterals.

1. determine the theoretical and experimental probabilities of an event; and
2. investigate and describe the difference between the experimental probability and theoretical probability of an event.

1. represent data in a histogram;
2. make observations and inferences about data represented in a histogram; and
3. compare histograms with the same data represented in stem-and-leaf plots, line plots, and circle graphs.

1. determine the slope, m, as a rate of change in a proportional relationship between two quantities and write an equation in the form y = mx to represent the relationship;
   
2. graph a line representing a proportional relationship between two quantities given the slope and an ordered pair, or given the equation in y = mx form, where m represents the slope as rate of change;
3. determine the y-intercept, b, in an additive relationship between two quantities and write an equation in the form y = x + b to represent the relationship;
4. graph a line representing an additive relationship between two quantities given the y-intercept and an ordered pair, or given the equation in the form y = x + b, where b represents the y-intercept; and
   
5. make connections between and among representations of a proportional or additive relationship between two quantities using verbal descriptions, tables, equations, and graphs.

1. solve problems, including practical problems, involving volume and surface area of cones and square-based pyramids; and
2. describe how changing one measured attribute of a rectangular prism affects the volume and surface area.

1. given a polygon, apply transformations, to include translations, reflections, and dilations, in the coordinate plane; and
   
2. identify practical applications of transformations.

1. verify the Pythagorean Theorem; and
2. apply the Pythagorean Theorem.

1. compare and contrast the probability of independent and dependent events; and
   
2. determine probabilities for independent and dependent events.

1. represent numerical data in boxplots;
2. make observations and inferences about data represented in boxplots; and
3. compare and analyze two data sets using boxplots.

1. represent data in scatterplots;
2. make observations about data represented in scatterplots; and
3. use a drawing to estimate the line of best fit for data represented in a scatterplot.

1. evaluate an algebraic expression for given replacement values of the variables; and
2. simplify algebraic expressions in one variable.

1. determine whether a given relation is a function; and
2. determine the domain and range of a function.

1. recognize and describe the graph of a linear function with a slope that is positive, negative, or zero;
2. identify the slope and y-intercept of a linear function, given a table of values, a graph, or an equation in y = mx + b form;
   
3. determine the independent and dependent variable, given a practical situation modeled by a linear function;
   
4. graph a linear function given the equation in y = mx + b form; and
5. make connections between and among representations of a linear function using verbal descriptions, tables, equations, and graphs.

1. represent verbal quantitative situations algebraically; and
2. evaluate algebraic expressions for given replacement values of the variables.

1. square roots of whole numbers and monomial algebraic expressions;
2. cube roots of integers; and
3. numerical expressions containing square or cube roots.

1. multistep linear and quadratic equations in one variables algebraically;
2. quadratic equations in one variables algebraically;
3. literal equations for a specified variable;
4. systems of two linear equations in two variables algebraically and graphically; and
5. practical problems involving equations and systems of equations.

1. solve multistep linear inequalities in one variable algebraically and represent the solution graphically;
2. represent the solution of linear inequalities in two variables graphically;
3. solving practical problems involving inequalities; and
4. represent the solution to a system of inequalities graphically.

1. determining whether a relation is a function;
2. domain and range;
3. zeros of a function;
4. x- and y-intercepts;
5. finding the values of a function for elements in its domain; and
6. making connections between and among multiple representations of functions including concrete, verbal, numeric, graphic, and algebraic.

1. domain and range;
2. intervals in which the function is increasing or decreasing;
3. absolute maxima and minima;
4. zeros;
5. intercepts;
6. values of a function for elements in its domain;
7. connections between and among multiple representations of functions using verbal descriptions, tables, equations, and graphs;
8. end behavior; and
9. vertical and horizontal asymptotes.

1. conditional probability;
2. dependent and independent events;
3. mutually exclusive events;
4. counting techniques (permutations and combinations); and
5. Law of Large Numbers.

1. identify and describe properties of a normal distribution;
2. interpret and compare z-scores for normally distributed data; and
3. apply properties of normal distributions to determine probabilities associated with areas under the standard normal curve.

1. sample size;
2. sampling technique;
3. controlling sources of bias and experimental error;
4. data collection; and
5. data analysis and reporting.

1. absolute value linear equations and inequalities;
2. quadratic equations over the set of complex numbers;
3. equations containing rational algebraic expressions; and
4. equations containing radical expressions.

1. domain, range, and continuity;
2. intervals in which a function is increasing or decreasing;
3. extrema;
4. zeros;
5. intercepts;
6. values of a function for elements in its domain;
7. connections between and among multiple representations of functions using verbal descriptions, tables, equations, and graphs;
8. end behavior;
9. vertical and horizontal asymptotes;
10. inverse of a function; and
11. composition of functions algebraically and graphically.

1. identify and describe properties of a normal distribution;
2. interpret and compare z-scores for normally distributed data; and
3. apply properties of normal distributions to determine probabilities associated with areas under the standard normal curve.

1. identifying the converse, inverse, and contrapositive of a conditional statement;
2. translating a short verbal argument into symbolic form; and
3. determining the validity of a logical argument.

1. investigating and using formulas for determining distance, midpoint, and slope;
2. applying slope to verify and determine whether lines are parallel or perpendicular;
3. investigating symmetry and determining whether a figure is symmetric with respect to a line or a point; and
4. determining whether a figure has been translated, reflected, rotated, or dilated, using coordinate methods.

1. a line segment congruent to a given line segment;
2. the perpendicular bisector of a line segment;
3. a perpendicular to a given line from a point not on the line;
4. a perpendicular to a given line at a given point on the line;
5. the bisector of a given angle,
6. an angle congruent to a given angle;
   
7. a line parallel to a given line through a point not on the line; and
8. an equilateral triangle, a square, and a regular hexagon inscribed in a circle.

1. comparing ratios between lengths, perimeters, areas, and volumes of similar figures;
2. determining how changes in one or more dimensions of a figure affect area and/or volume of the figure;
3. determining how changes in area and/or volume of a figure affect one or more dimensions of the figure; and
4. solving problems, including practical problems, about similar geometric figures.

1. observations are made involving fine discrimination between similar objects and organisms;
2. precise and approximate measurements are recorded;
3. scale models are used to estimate distance, volume, and quantity;
4. hypotheses are stated in ways that identify the independent and dependent variables;
5. a method is devised to test the validity of predictions and inferences;
6. one variable is manipulated over time, using many repeated trials;
7. data are collected, recorded, analyzed, and reported using metric measurements and tools;
8. data are analyzed and communicated through graphical representation;
9. models and simulations are designed and used to illustrate and explain phenomena and systems; and
10. current applications are used to reinforce science concepts.

1. observations of living organisms are recorded in the lab and in the field;
2. hypotheses are formulated based on direct observations and information from scientific literature;
3. variables are defined and investigations are designed to test hypotheses;
4. graphing and arithmetic calculations are used as tools in data analysis;
5. conclusions are formed based on recorded quantitative and qualitative data;
6. sources of error inherent in experimental design are identified and discussed;
7. validity of data is determined;
8. chemicals and equipment are used in a safe manner;
9. appropriate technology including computers, graphing calculators, and probeware is used for gathering and analyzing data, communicating results, modeling concepts, and simulating experimental conditions;
10. research utilizes scientific literature;
11. differentiation is made among a scientific hypothesis, theory, and law;
12. alternative scientific explanations and models are recognized and analyzed; and
13. current applications of biological concepts are used.

1. designated laboratory techniques;
2. safe use of chemicals and equipment;
3. proper response to emergency situations;
4. manipulation of multiple variables, using repeated trials;
5. accurate recording, organization, and analysis of data through repeated trials;
6. mathematical and procedural error analysis;
7. mathematical manipulations including SI units, scientific notation, linear equations, graphing, ratio and proportion, significant digits, and dimensional analysis;
8. use of appropriate technology including computers, graphing calculators, and probeware for gathering data, communicating results, and using simulations to model concepts;
9. construction and defense of a scientific viewpoint; and
10. the use of current applications to reinforce chemistry concepts.

1. volume, area, mass, elapsed time, direction, temperature, pressure, distance, density, and changes in elevation/depth are calculated utilizing the most appropriate tools;
2. technologies including computers, probeware, and geospatial technologies are used to collect, analyze, and report data and to demonstrate concepts and simulate experimental conditions;
3. scales, diagrams, charts, graphs, tables, imagery, models, and profiles are constructed and interpreted;
4. maps and globes are read and interpreted, including location by latitude and longitude;
5. variables are manipulated with repeated trials; and
6. current applications are used to reinforce Earth science concepts.
   

1. data are organized into tables showing repeated trials and means;
2. a classification system is developed based on multiple attributes;
3. triple beam and electronic balances, thermometers, metric rulers, graduated cylinders, and probeware are used to gather data;
4. models and simulations are constructed and used to illustrate and explain phenomena;
5. sources of experimental error are identified;
6. dependent variables, independent variables, and constants are identified;
7. variables are controlled to test hypotheses, and trials are repeated;
8. data are organized, communicated through graphical representation, interpreted, and used to make predictions;
9. patterns are identified in data and are interpreted and evaluated; and
10. current applications are used to reinforce life science concepts.

1. the components of a system are defined;
2. instruments are selected and used to extend observations and measurements;
3. information is recorded and presented in an organized format;
4. the limitations of the experimental apparatus and design are recognized;
5. the limitations of measured quantities are recognized through the appropriate use of significant figures or error ranges;
6. models and simulations are used to visualize and explain phenomena, to make predictions from hypotheses, and to interpret data; and
7. appropriate technology including computers, graphing calculators, and probeware is used for gathering and analyzing data and communicating results.

1. a description of a physical problem is translated into a mathematical statement in order to find a solution;
2. relationships between physical quantities are determined using the shape of a curve passing through experimentally obtained data;
3. the slope of a linear relationship is calculated and includes appropriate units;
4. interpolated, extrapolated, and analyzed trends are used to make predictions; and
5. situations with vector quantities are analyzed utilizing trigonometric or graphical methods.

1. examples from the real world; and
2. exploration of the roles and contributions of science and technology.

1. chemicals and equipment are used safely;
2. length, mass, volume, density, temperature, weight, and force are accurately measured;
3. conversions are made among metric units, applying appropriate prefixes;
4. triple beam and electronic balances, thermometers, metric rulers, graduated cylinders, probeware, and spring scales are used to gather data;
5. numbers are expressed in scientific notation where appropriate;
6. independent and dependent variables, constants, controls, and repeated trials are identified;
7. data tables showing the independent and dependent variables, derived quantities, and the number of trials are constructed and interpreted;
8. data tables for descriptive statistics showing specific measures of central tendency, the range of the data set, and the number of repeated trials are constructed and interpreted;
9. frequency distributions, scatterplots, line plots, and histograms are constructed and interpreted;
10. valid conclusions are made after analyzing data;
11. research methods are used to investigate practical problems and questions;
12. experimental results are presented in appropriate written form; and
13. models and simulations are constructed and used to illustrate and explain phenomena;
14. current applications of physical science concepts are used.